LAS VEGAS (AP) — As temperatures continue to soar across the United States, with Texas alone already seeing over a dozen deaths and widespread discomfort experienced across various regions, it’s crucial to prioritize staying cool and safe from the blistering heat.
Even though the official end of summer is still months away, it is essential to take necessary precautions as the heat wave expands eastward. Here is a comprehensive guide to help you beat the heat and ensure your well-being.
WHY IS EXTREME HEAT DANGEROUS?
Heat-related deaths are a significant concern in the United States, surpassing the mortality rates of other weather-related events such as tornadoes and flooding.
The Environmental Protection Agency states that most heat-related deaths are preventable through proper outreach and intervention.
According to Ben Zaitchik, a climate scientist and professor at Johns Hopkins University, heat is often underestimated as a deadly force.
As temperatures continue to rise globally, even without extreme weather events like the current situation in Texas, we are already experiencing higher temperatures than what we are accustomed to, increasing the risk of heat-related issues.
Normally, the body uses sweating as a mechanism to cool itself down. However, under extreme heat conditions, this cooling process can be interrupted, potentially leading to heat exhaustion, heat stroke, organ failure, or even death.
While older adults, young children, and individuals with chronic illnesses are particularly vulnerable, it is important to note that even healthy individuals are not immune to heat-related risks, as highlighted by Ashley Ward, the director of the Heat Policy Innovation Hub at Duke University’s Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability.
The adverse effects of heat extend to various groups of people, including those who work or exercise outdoors, as well as homeless individuals or those lacking access to effective air conditioning. These vulnerable populations are particularly at risk during heatwaves and extreme temperatures.
People who engage in outdoor labor or physical activity are exposed to prolonged heat, which can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke. It is crucial for individuals in these occupations to take regular breaks, stay hydrated, and seek shade whenever possible.
Homeless individuals face significant challenges during hot weather, as they not only lack access to air-conditioned spaces but also may struggle to find shelter or adequate hydration. Community organizations, shelters, and government agencies play an important role in providing support and resources to assist homeless populations during extreme heat events.
Similarly, individuals without efficient or any air conditioning in their homes are at risk of heat-related illnesses. It is necessary for them to seek alternative cooling options, such as visiting public cooling centers or seeking assistance from local authorities.
Recognizing these risks, it is vital for communities, organizations, and governments to implement strategies and support systems to ensure the well-being and safety of those most vulnerable to the adverse effects of heat.
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS?
Heat-related illnesses can manifest in different ways, with heat stroke and heat exhaustion being of particular concern. Here are the symptoms associated with each:
Heat Stroke:
- Body temperature of 103 degrees Fahrenheit or higher
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Thirst
- Rapid and strong heart rate
- Altered mental state (confusion, disorientation, agitation, or seizures)
- Fainting or loss of consciousness
Heat Exhaustion:
- Heavy sweating
- Muscle cramps
- Weakness or fatigue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Cold, pale, or clammy skin
- Headache
- Rapid and weak pulse
If you suspect someone is experiencing heat stroke, it is considered a medical emergency. Contact emergency services immediately by calling 911 for immediate medical attention.
For heat exhaustion, seek treatment if symptoms worsen or persist for more than an hour. It is essential to cool down, move to a shaded area, and drink plenty of fluids (preferably water) while awaiting medical assistance.
It is important to note that heat-related illnesses can be life-threatening, and prompt recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for a positive outcome.
WHAT IF I DON’T HAVE AIR CONDITIONING AT HOME?
According to the CDC, spending a few hours in an air-conditioned space can help your body stay cooler when you return to the heat. Utilize public spaces with air conditioning, such as libraries and shopping malls, to seek relief from the heat.
During the day, take steps to prevent heat from entering your home. Cover windows with blinds or curtains, turn off unnecessary lights, and avoid using stoves or ovens, as they can generate additional heat. If you live in a dry area, hanging wet towels in the room can help in cooling the environment.
At night, if temperatures drop, open windows and use shutters to optimize natural ventilation.
In situations where air conditioning is not available, innovative approaches can be taken. For instance, after taking a cool bath or shower, sit in front of a fan while your skin is still damp. This can help induce a cooling effect on your body.
It’s essential to be resourceful and seek creative solutions to beat the heat, especially if traditional air conditioning is not accessible. Prioritizing personal comfort and implementing practical cooling strategies are vital for staying safe in hot weather conditions.
Ashley Ward also suggests soaking your feet above the ankles and your arms above the elbows in cool water for about 10-15 minutes to help cool your body down.
If you only have one fan, Ward advises focusing on creating a cool sleeping area rather than cooling down common areas. This is because during sleep, your body has an opportunity to recover from the heat exposure experienced during the day.
Taking these steps to cool yourself down, especially before bedtime, can help improve your comfort and promote a restful sleep during hot weather conditions.
WHAT IF I HAVE TO BE OUTSIDE?
To further protect yourself from the heat, it is important to limit your sun exposure. Seek shade whenever possible or utilize an umbrella to create your own shade. Additionally, wearing sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat or cap can provide extra protection from the sun’s rays.
For individuals who work outdoors, if you have access to cool water, consider soaking your shirt to help keep your body temperature regulated. Repeat the process every hour or whenever your shirt dries out to maintain its cooling effect, as suggested by Ashley Ward.
Homeless individuals should reach out to local shelters or organizations for information on available resources, including temporary cooling centers. These centers can offer a respite from the heat and provide access to hydration and other support.
Taking these measures will help in reducing the risk of heat-related illnesses and ensure your well-being during periods of excessive heat.
DO I HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT BURN INJURIES?
It is crucial to be aware of the potential for injuries caused by contact with superheated surfaces during extreme heat. Healthcare professionals at burn centers in Arizona and Nevada have issued warnings regarding these risks.
If someone collapses from dehydration or heat stroke and is unable to get up off the hot ground, they can sustain burns from contact with the scorching surface.
However, burns can also occur from touching hot surfaces such as leather seats or concrete around pools. Therefore, it is important to exercise caution when reaching for objects like metal door handles or seat belt buckles, as well as when getting out of a pool.
Being mindful of these risks and taking preventive measures can help minimize the chances of sustaining burns or injuries due to contact with superheated surfaces during periods of extreme heat.
HOW DO I KEEP MY PETS SAFE?
To ensure the safety and well-being of both yourself and your pets during hot weather, consider the following tips:
- Schedule outdoor activities, including walks, for the coolest parts of the day, such as early morning or evening when temperatures are lower.
- If you take your pets for walks on hot surfaces, protect their paws with breathable shoes designed for them. This can help prevent burns or discomfort from hot pavement.
- Keep your pets indoors whenever possible, as indoor environments are typically cooler. If your pets need to go outside, ensure they have access to shade, such as trees, umbrellas, or covered areas.
- Remember that a doghouse alone does not provide adequate shade for pets. It can become extremely hot and trap heat, turning into an uncomfortable and dangerous space. Ensure your pets have access to proper shaded areas with good air circulation.
- Never leave your pets unattended in a hot car, even for a short period of time. Cars can quickly become dangerously hot, posing a severe risk to your pet’s health and potentially leading to heatstroke or death.
By following these guidelines, you can protect both yourself and your furry companions from the dangers of excessive heat during outdoor activities.